Prevalence of obesity in patients with breast cancer followed-up at an oncology service in Goiania

To verify the prevalence of obesity in patients undergoing cancer follow-up at Hospital das Clínicas in Universidade Federal de Goiás, analyzing the epidemiological and laboratory profile. Methods: Retrospective, analytical and observational study. The final sample consisted of 498 medical records of patients under regular follow-up with indication for chemotherapy between June 2018 and 2020. Anthropometric data, gestational history, personal and family history, menopausal status, comorbidities, staging, and laboratory tests were observed. Results: A mean body mass index of 28.3 kg/m² was found among the patients, and 26.51% were obese. Mean age at diagnosis was 52.79 years, and 51.81% were in menopause. Also, 26.23% had a personal history of breast cancer, and 44.76% had family history. Regarding comorbidities, 51.15% had them, being the most frequent one systemic arterial hypertension, more prevalent in the obese group compared to the normal body mass index. Also, 11.96% of the patients were nulliparous. Regarding staging, most were in T2N0M0 at diagnosis. In laboratory tests, it was found that among patients with breast cancer who had information on lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were above the reference limit. Conclusion: 57.63% were obese or overweight, demonstrating body mass index as a risk factor for breast cancer. It was observed that the group of patients with obesity had a statistically significant relationship with the presence of concomitant comorbidities; however, no statistically significant results were found regarding the relationship between body mass index and menopausal status.

High-resolution computed tomography and histopathological findings in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a pictorial essay / Aspectos tomográficos e histopatológicos da pneumonite por hipersensibilidade: ensaio iconográfico

Abstract Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a diffuse interstitial and granulomatous lung disease caused by the inhalation of any one of a number of antigens. The objective of this study was to illustrate the spectrum of abnormalities in high-resolution computed tomography and histopathological findings related to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. We retrospectively evaluated patients who had been diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (on the basis of clinical-radiological or clinical-radiological-pathological correlations) and had undergone lung biopsy. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is clinically divided into acute, subacute, and chronic forms; high-resolution computed tomography findings correlate with the time of exposure; and the two occasionally overlap. In the subacute form, centrilobular micronodules, ground-glass opacities, and air trapping are characteristic high-resolution computed tomography findings, whereas histopathology shows lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates, bronchiolitis, variable degrees of organizing pneumonia, and giant cells. In the chronic form, high-resolution computed tomography shows traction bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and lung fibrosis, the last also being seen in the biopsy sample. A definitive diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis can be made only through a multidisciplinary approach, by correlating clinical findings, exposure history, high-resolution computed tomography findings, and lung biopsy findings.

Resumo A pneumonite por hipersensibilidade é uma doença intersticial difusa, granulomatosa e de natureza inalatória, com inúmeros antígenos orgânicos e inorgânicos implicados. Nosso objetivo é ilustrar o espectro de anormalidades na tomografia de alta resolução do tórax e achados histopatológicos. Foram avaliadas, retrospectivamente, tomografias de alta resolução do tórax de pacientes com diagnóstico de pneumonite por hipersensibilidade estabelecido em correlação clínico-radiológica e clínico-radiológico-patológica em pacientes em que a biópsia esteve disponível. A pneumonite por hipersensibilidade é dividida, do ponto de vista clínico e didático, em aguda, subaguda e crônica, e as manifestações tomográficas da tomografia de alta resolução do tórax correlacionam-se com o tempo da evolução da doença, e por vezes se superpõem. Micronódulos centrolobulares, vidro fosco e aprisionamento aéreo são características tomográficas na manifestação subaguda, em que, histopatologicamente, se observam infiltrado inflamatório linfocítico, bronquiolite, graus variáveis de pneumonia em organização e células gigantes. Na fase crônica, a tomografia demonstra sinais de fibrose com bronquiolectasias de tração e eventualmente faveolamento, com predomínio superior, sendo observados também sinais de fibrose no estudo histopatológico. A abordagem multidisciplinar é definitiva no diagnóstico, que é realizado correlacionando-se as características clínicas, nexo causal de exposição, achados tomográficos e aspectos histopatológicos.

Tuberculose em pacientes com artrite reumatoide: a dificuldade no diagnóstico da forma latente / Tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: the difficulty in making the diagnosis of latent infection

Desde o início do uso de drogas anti-TNF para o tratamento da artrite reumatoide e outras doenças inflamatórias, casos de tuberculose pulmonar e extrapulmonar vêm sendo notificados em pacientes submetidos a tal tratamento. Na maioria das vezes, a doença se desenvolve durante as seis primeiras infusões. Todo paciente deve ser avaliado para tuberculose latente antes do início do uso de um bloqueador de TNF; no entanto, o diagnóstico de tuberculose latente é um desafio. A prova tuberculínica, o único teste disponível para a detecção de tuberculose latente por quase um século, apresenta uma série de limitações. Testes baseados na detecção da produção de IFN-γ in vitro por células mononucleares ativadas por antígenos específicos parecem ser mais acurados e vêm sendo pesquisados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide.

Since the beginning of the use of anti-TNF in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis have been reported in patients receiving such treatment. In most cases, the disease develops by the time the patient has received the sixth infusion. Every patient should be evaluated for latent tuberculosis infection prior to the use of a TNF inhibitor. However, the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is a challenge. The tuberculin test, which was the only test available to detect latent tuberculosis infection for nearly a century, presents a number of limitations. Tests based on the detection of the in-vitro production of IFN-γ by mononuclear cells activated by specific antigens appear to be more accurate and have been studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Pneumoconiose por exposição a metal duro com pneumotórax bilateral espontâneo / Hard metal pneumoconiosis with spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax

A pneumoconiose por metal duro, descrita pela primeira vez em 1964, é uma doença difusa causada por inalação de partículas de cobalto. A doença pode se manifestar de três formas diferentes: asma ocupacional, doença intersticial e alveolite alérgica. Relata-se um caso de um jovem do sexo masculino, afiador de ferramentas, com quadro de tosse seca e dispnéia progressiva há um ano, apresentando-se à admissão com pneumotórax espontâneo bilateral. O diagnóstico foi confirmado através de biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto.

Hard metal pneumoconiosis, first described in 1964, is a diffuse disease caused by the inhalation of cobalt particles. The disease can manifest as occupational asthma, interstitial disease or allergic alveolitis. We report the case of a young male, working as a tool sharpener, who presented with dry cough and progressive dyspnea for one year, as well as with spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax at admission. The diagnosis was confirmed by open lung biopsy.